60 Years of Independence - Indias Achievements free essay sample

60 years of Independence Indias accomplishments Contemporary India with a researcher President and a business analyst Prime Minister is effectively stepping the most optimized plan of attack of improvement Starting from a completely destroyed and misused nation under the standard of the haughty Britishers who wiped away the India riches, the tale of Indias achievement over the most recent 60 years, is one of the famous ascent from clothes to newfound wealth. Indias advancement inside a limited capacity to focus time, to the degree of a nation which on its own led atomic test, Joining the tip top lub of atomic forces, and now turning into a legitimate contender for getting a changeless seat in UN Security Council, says a lot about Indias achievement. Measurements and realities bear a declaration to this, that the nation once thought to be Just a spot for the snake charmers is making its quality felt in the place that is known for elephants. Truth be told, India is prospering in the genuine sense, getting the creative mind of the world and subsequently causing squinting of the eyes of westerners who are awestruck at the abrupt transformation of this dormant beast. When Kanwal Sibal, a resigned outside secretary ays, there is little uncertainty that India turned into a significant player in the universal checker board. It constrained the world to draw in with India on an altogether new premise, there is no embellishment in it. Reality of this announcement is vindicated by the Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Juan Yew, who says, China and India will shake the world and as far as worldwide corporate nearness and portrayal, India is in front of China. India has shown up on the world market with a blast five lakh engineers, 2. 5 lakh specialists and 75 lakh graduates. Goldman Sachs BRIC report considers India to be the hird biggest economy on the planet by 2050. Another report says that by 2020 just, India will be the fourth biggest economy. Everything is working out in a good way for India now an improved venture atmosphere, high financial development, a youthful populace (70% populace underneath 34 years old) or more all inspirational mentality of individuals. India is presently among outstanding amongst other performing economies of the world regarding yearly development pace of Grass Domestic Product. Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman Aditya Birla Group says, we have risen more grounded, fitter and an innovator from multiple points of view. I accept we are at n articulation point, past combination into a period of development steady as well as quickened. The way that our outside trade hold crossed 1 $ billion, mirrors the developing certainty of speculators in India. The organizations of India got over Rs. 70000 crore in trades when the worldwide economy was fuming in 2002-03. There are 16 organizations whose fares net over Rs. 000 crore, 15 organizations trades products worth Rs. 500 crore and 150 compnaies which procure over Rs. 100 crore in outside trade. The FORBES list has included 18 Indian organizations under its rundown. Taking note of these positive turns of events, the US National Intelligence Council in its report has anticip ated that India will become worldwide player in the 21st century. Just because India has entered the positions of the universes tenth biggest economies. The World Bank has depicted India as an Asian Giant and its report specifies This nation rose structure twelfth to tenth in dollar term between 2002-04, its G. D. P. overwhelming Korea and Mexico. conomic progression, the presentation of India in political circle is additionally laudable. The current Prime Minister of India Mr. Manmohan Singh has uccessfully originated from two outside excursions. In France the Prime Minister skillfully utilized Indias new monetary clout into propelling the fundamental key target of breaking the prohibitive Nuclear Suppliers Groups. In US, he keenly urged President Bush to work for giving lawful status to India in the atomic forces club, consequently of giving, willful right of investigation of just the regular citizen atomic offices to the global nuclear guard dog I. A. E. A. The individuals who claim India to host become a get-together to the US unilateralism taking into account Indias casting a ballot in Irans case, nearby U. S. , must recollect that India stayed on its rule and didnt Join US on its war against Iraq inspite of huge US pressure. It out-properly dismissed this proposition. This bears sufficient verification that India has its free international strategy. It has developed strategically and has now gotten extremely sensible in its methodology. It takes choice as indicated by whichever way suits best for the national intrigue. Presently there is a bad situation for lost vision or shibboleth of third worldism. Indicating most extreme political development, India pushed aside many years of sloth and marked significant greement with China a nation prior idea of as a traitor and talk with it was a major no. Our nation has now would not be caught miserably in the remaining parts of a terrible yesterday, demonstrating by and by this is a country solidified by history, that it endures just to recharge itself a few days ago and that it stays up with the changing needs in order to be in consonance with the consistently evolving time. Talks with Pakistan, reclamation of the Muzaffarabad transport administration, the notable trade of detainees and so on are the take these examples. Another significant factor which transmits the prospering of India is its fruitful and smooth working of majority rule government. Directly from its beginning, it permitted Universal Adult Franchise, a special accomplishment in itself. Numerous researchers around then anticipated that a nation as poor, unskilled and assorted as India, couldn't get by on Universal Adult Franchise however succeeding years refuted at that point. Nowadays the general political race in India is the biggest sorted out human occasion in history to such an extent that Indian Election specialists are welcomed by America. Inspite of being not wealthy, the insight of Indian electorate has been demonstrated over and over. The Economist of London has appropriately offered an able remark in regards to Indian electorate that, the Indians have more political shrewdness per thousand calories than some other individuals. Prof Lani Gunter of Havard Law school says, The best indicator to quantify the wellbeing of a general public is to take a gander at the state of its minorities who resemble the coal minors canary , the first to see harmful gases in coal mineshafts. Seeing with this viewpoint likewise, Indians electroates execution is very acceptable. They disposed of the NDA under whose aegis Gujrat cauldron of 2002 occurred, not with anding the hooplah of India sparkling. Shared powers have been out-properly disposed of and secularism is on its hold. At present the sovereign head of India is a Muslim and the Prime Minister is a Sikh both from minority network. Social conditions are likewise growing fastly. The quantity of working class getting a charge out of a decent way of life is developing at a fast pace. The desire for a populist society is satisfying its fantasy as today we have 13% booked position grade I officials in the I. A. S. moving from under 1% in the mid 50s. The Indian diaspora with their downpour and material is more prominent than previously and social insurance is better. Presently even outsiders are coming to India for less expensive clinical treatment. Today India is for more coordinated than it was at 1947. Issues do happen however have brought about more grounded personalities and a bigger Indian awareness. Nativism is currently offering spot to Indianism. Fiascos and cataclysms don't dumbstruck us. We have insubordinately confronted the ruins of nature like the Earthquake or Tsunami on national level. The entire nation joins as a family in giving aid and comfort to the people in question. In the field of ducation additionally, India is advancing. The proficiency rate in 2001 arrived at 64. 8% from 52. 21% in 1991. This expansion of 12. 5% during this period is the most elevated increment at whatever decade. It is additionally an accomplishment that the pace of development in education is more in provincial territories than in urban zones. The hole in male female proficiency rate has diminished from 24. 84% in 1991 to 21. 60 out of 2001. In higher examinations the IITs AllMS and 11Ms of India could rival the best establishments of the world. As of late Times Higher Education Supplement positioned the IITs as third in every single Technological University of the orld. Seeing the huge ability of Indian understudies the European Union has declared 100 Erasmus Mundus Scholarship for Indians understudies which was recently offered to European understudies as it were. In logical, innovative and bio clinical examination India has made an imprint. The starting of EDUSAT a satellite only for instructive purposes denotes an extraordinary lead forward in the territory of satellite training. Space innovation has likewise got a lift. Socially India is seeing an extraordinary renaissance. Indian music, move and different performing workmanship have bloomed over the most recent 50 years. Presently these have more noteworthy crowd and their intrigue is getting all inclusive. Language of India has seen resurgence. Indian writing in English, similar to that of Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahiri and so on has been acclaimed in the English talking world. In the field of sports and diversion likewise India is sparkling. Santa Clause Mirza, Lender Paes, Sachin Tendulkar, Vishwanath Anand and Shekhar Kapoor, Amitabh Bacchan, Aishwarya Rai, Shah Rukh Khan are the brilliant Indian faces on the planet field. All the previously mentioned focuses determinedly demonstrates that Indias accomplishment over the most recent 60 years has been excellent.

Ludwig Van Beethoven Composer History Essay

Ludwig Van Beethoven Composer History Essay Beethoven has consistently been one of my kindness arrangers. I have heard a great deal about him. I used to go to the drama house in Manhattan each time they had something about Beethoven. I tune in to his music from NPR at evenings. Shockingly, I never got an opportunity to completely inquire about this performer. It is only something about his music that I respect, particularly orchestra # 5 (Emperor Concerto, 1809). I never recognized what it is about, yet I realize that I like it. It is a benefit to at last have the chance to investigate Beethoven. I like old style music. Truth be told, this is the motivation behind why I took this class. In this examination, I will give a concise representation about Beethovens life, his works, deafness, ailment, and his demise. As indicated by Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, 2006, Ludwig van Beethoven was an arranger and an artist. He was conceived in December 16, 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He later passed on in March 26, 1827 in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven was conceived in a family that was artist. His granddad was a melodic executive at a court wherein his dad was an artist there. Indeed, Beethoven has a similar name as his granddad. In this manner, it was in his qualities to be a performer. Thus, the source expressed that his family started to prepare him to be a court artist too. Beethoven turned into an author by his own will as well as, by following his familys stride. As indicated by World Eras 2002, (Vol. 9) his folks needed him to begin music exercises at 4 years old. He dismissed that thought. World Eras 2002, (Vol. 9) likewise expressed that Beethoven didn't have any inspiration for music in his youth. All things considered, he took music classes and continued with his obligations at the court as his folks had needed him to. At the court, Beethoven had numerous obligations and duties as he continued with his melodic expert there. His duties included to play viola in the ensemble and organ in the house of prayer. For drama exhibitions, his activity was to go with practices and mentors artists. Beethovens interests for music started to create. Thus, in 1787, Beethoven chose to propel his vocation. Subsequently, he went to Vienna, Austria to contemplate music with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Inside a brief timeframe of being there, he established himself in an unusual circumstance. He had been educated that his mom was sick. Thus, it was fundamental for him to come back to Bonn because of his moms sickness. At seventeen years old, Beethoven got more prominent obligations then simply finding out about music. He needed to grow-up quick and become a grown-up. World Eras 2002 expressed that after the dead of his mom, his dad turned into a heavy drinker. Subsequently, he needed to deal with his two more youthful siblings. By and by, Beethoven never let any of his deterrents debilitate him from turning out to be what he needed to be in his profession. By the age of twenty one, he delivered two cantatas, three piano sonatas, and three piano groups of four (piano and strings). He was en route to turn into the best artist and writer ever. In November 1792, Beethoven left Bonn again and went to Vienna. He remained there for an amazing remainder. In Vienna, he filled in as a piano player. He gave piano and piece exercises. He directed and played out his music at private and open shows. He offered his piece to distributers in Vienna, Germany, later in England and Paris too. He additionally made on commission as well. As indicated by World Eras 2002, by 1795, Beethoven was the world most mainstream writer and piano player in Vienna. His shows were monetarily effective, which help him to visit different urban areas in Europe also. He offered a great deal of his pieces to distributers. Individuals were in any event, contending to purchase his works. World Eras 2002, affirmed that at a certain point, Beethoven didnt need to haggle at costs any more. He simply needed to state his costs and that was it. Individuals would buy his music at whatever costs. Beethoven had an enthusiasm for what he did. He went behind budgetary achievement. His energy was not just about cash. He was fixated on his music. He had the option to make pieces after pieces. World Eras 2002 expressed that Beethoven lived totally for his music. He would create three to four pieces simultaneously. Notwithstanding Beethovens enthusiasm for music, he additionally had a fixation for drinking liquor. As indicated by the Macmillan Encyclopedia, Beethoven was conceived in a drunkard family. His dad and his grandma both kicked the bucket from liquor. Along these lines, for Beethoven, I think drinking liquor was a hereditary conduct for him. In Beethovens later long stretches of life, it is accounted for that he used to drink vigorously. He used to drink each and every day. Truth be told, the article demonstrated that Beethoven would drink in any event one container of wine with his burger joint. Along these lines, the drinking issue began to show itself by assaulting Beethovens wellbeing. Therefore, his PCP prompted him to quit drinking or drink with some restraint. Be that as it may, Beethoven never halted. Along these lines, his wellbeing was in danger. He began to become ill. Tragically, Beethoven wellbeing began to be his greatest adversary. He was constantly sick. World Eras 2002 likewise expressed that Beethoven was determined to have gastrointestinal confusion, respiratory turmoil, cerebral pains, and stiffness. The most noticeably awful piece of his disorder was getting hard of hearing. For a performer, I think it is a significant deterrent. Ludwig van Beethoven was a decide individual even deafness couldnt prevent him from what he wants to do. Truth be told, this is the point at which his music was at its best. Indeed, he needed to wear portable amplifiers, however that didn't influence him until he arrived at the final turning point. This is the point at which he went totally passing. His hearing never showed signs of improvement in any event, when he attempted home cures that companions had recommended to him. When he led his ninth orchestra in 1824, he was absolutely hard of hearing. The hindrance of been hard of hearing and been a conductor was overpowered for Beethoven. By and by, he figured out how to proceed with his work. The Macmillan Encyclopedia 2003 detailed that Beethoven used to put his ear close to the piano when he was playing so he can detect the vibration of various notes. Beethoven hearing issues began when he was 28 years of age. Unfortunately, the issue got most exceedingly terrible and left him totally hard of hearing by the age of 44. In the clinical field, hearing misfortune or deafness can be because of a few perspectives, for example, uproarious clamor, boisterous music, and hereditary issue, injury to the ears or the head. Be that as it may, in Beethovens case, Medical Historians were not sure of how Beethoven got hard of hearing. Some article such at Deafness and Hearing Loss accepts that it was because of nerve harms and harms done to the bones in his ears. When Beethoven directed his ninth orchestra, he was thoroughly hard of hearing. As indicated by many individuals, the ninth ensemble was perhaps the best accomplishment of work. As per The Macmillan Encyclopedia 2003, His ensemble # 9 was a blend of his work from mid 1793 and late 1823. He joined these pieces to make a showstopper. This gem took him right around 6 years to wrap up. During the exhibition of this ensemble, he was never mindful of the crowds response. Truth be told, one of his soloists needed to make him go to confront the crowd with the goal that he can see all the commendations from the crowd. The crowd was entranced by his work. This was in certainty Beethovens last bit of work. Beethoven endured with numerous diseases before he passed on. One of the significant clinical issues that he had, which was obvious to the open eyes was enlarged midsection. Stomach expansion is the swollen of the mid-region that become wildly successful and hard. Thus, Beethoven was anxious to look for help. Subsequently, he went to broad activities to diminish the liquid out. Nonetheless, none of those activities were effective. On March 24, 1827, Beethoven went into a state of extreme lethargy. By March 26, he was passing. As indicated by Francois Martin Mai (2008), some accept the reason for his passing was because of liver sickness. Others trusted it was lead harming, syphilis, irresistible with hepatitis, and the rundown goes on. As indicated by Beethovens post-mortem examination, which was finished by Dr. Johann Wagner on March 27, 1827, it was comprehended that the author kicked the bucket of cirrhotic and contracted liver. As per Medical Surgical Nursing 2013, cirrhotic is an infection of the liver. It is because of interminable response to hepatic aggravation and rot. The book expressed that the most widely recognized foundations for cirrhosis are hepatitis C, D, liquor addiction, and biliary deterrent. By the by, individuals were all the while discussing that his liver harm was because of substantial drinking of liquor. In those days, liquor was accepted to be defiled with overwhelming metals. In any case, numerous analysts today gave a false representation of that Beethoven passed on of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous issue of obscure reason that can influence any organ of the body, Medical-Surgical Nursing 2013. As indicated by Dr. Tom Palferman a rheumatologist and a beginner cellist, who detailed in the Sunday Times, this is the reason for Beethovens passing. The paper expressed that Dr. Tom had gone through more than 10 years investigating the reason for Beethovens demise before he concocted this finding. He accepts that Beethoven kicked the bucket of sarcoidosis illness, which influenced hearing and crushed the liver. As a nursing understudy, I do see the connections between's the two variables. In any case, In Dr.s Tom report, there are no confirmations to convince me enough as of these two are the main last realities. There are a few sorts of sarcoidosis, for example, pneumonic, mysterious, verrucous, nodular, and fibroblastic sarcoidosis. He never expressed what kinds of sarcoidosis he found in Beethoven. Besides, sarcoidosis consistently has an impact on the lungs. The patient may have minor signs and indications, for example, hacking, however there will be something of that nature because of the lymph hubs that the illness assaults. Truth be told, any arrangement of the body can possibly endure the impact of sarcoidosis. Also, synthetic investigation of Beethoven hair will in general direct

Meet The (New) Bloggers!

Meet The (New) Bloggers! A few weeks ago I posted the Blogger Application 2012. We received over 50 applications for four spots. Over the last week and a half the blogger committee composed of communications staff and some senior bloggers reviewed all of these applications. We laughed. We cried. We got into fistfights in Matts office. Yet decide we must, and decide we did, and nowwe have new bloggers. Introducing: Anastassia B. from Miami, Florida. Anastassia, like Abe Lincoln, was born in a log cabin; unlike Abe, she does not (yet) have a beard. An aspiringBiologicallyMathematicalWizard, she bakes jigsaw-themed cupcakes, and after she was admitted, she sent the admissions office a handmade card, cut carefully from a starmap, in the anatomically correct shape of a heart. We 3 her too. Natasha B. hails from McMinnville, Oregon, near the ancestral lands of Snively. A prospective literature major, she eats blueberries, makes pottery, and wants to learn to climb things. She sometimes eats three breakfasts a day and knows a lot about moths. Michael C., from Los Angeles, California, is an accomplished photoblogger(and regular blogger). Michael has a finely tuned sense of expressing his emotions through carefully crafted strings of nonsense. Part of his application was to write fanfiction about me and m_quinn, but we hired him anyway, mostly because of his excellent use of Oxford commas. Rachel D. from St. James, New York. When shes not tumbling and tweeting, Rachel is fighting fires, both in the trenches (as a volunteer firefighter) and in the lab, where she was an Intel finalist for her work on flame retardent polymers. Shell keep blogging about materials, science, materials science, and (probably) dying her hair here at MIT. These folks wont begin blogging right away, as we have to get them to campus and set up in our system.When that time comes, theyll be able to tell you more about their own personal stories, which I assure you are more interesting, compelling, and better written than anything I provided here. Theyre all terrific and Im psyched to have them. Once again, thanks to all those who applied, and join me in welcoming the new crew! #next_pages_container { width: 5px; hight: 5px; position: absolute; top: -100px; left: -100px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; } #next_pages_container { width: 5px; hight: 5px; position: absolute; top: -100px; left: -100px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; } #next_pages_container { width: 5px; hight: 5px; position: absolute; top: -100px; left: -100px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; } #next_pages_container { width: 5px; hight: 5px; position: absolute; top: -100px; left: -100px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; } Meet the (New) Bloggers! In July we posted the blogger application. 88 students began an application, and 69 completed it. A few days ago, Lydia, Kris, Michael, Ceri, Anastassia, Natasha, and I met and we picked five of them to be new bloggers. Here they are were super excited to have them on the team! Say hello! Anelise N. 19 Dorm: MacGregor Course: 6 About: Hey guys! Ive lived in exactly two places my entire life: my familys house in Los Angeles (one week and 18 years) and Cambridge, Massachusetts (one week and counting). I love making things from scratch, from food to clothes to what youre reading right now. My guiding culinary principle is Keep calm and add butter. I design and sew my own clothes, including my winter coat, a 7-pound monstrosity masterpiece lined in electric-blue turquoise fur. And I love the creative process of writing, which has been part of my life for over 7 years, ever since I started writing my own fantasy books and blogging about my projects. I never thought MIT would be the school for me. Then, while visiting I saw how students were meshing their scientific potential with creative vision to build a campus that was extraordinary and vibrant, and to make technological inroads that would change the world. Thats my goal for the next four years and beyond. In lots of ways, MIT is my adventure. I hope to share it with you :) Ben O. 19 Dorm: Burton Conner Course: 20 About: HEY GUYS!!!!!!! Lol Why the caps, to be honest, I am not really sure. I was just feeling it. In all honesty that is how most all of my writing goes. When it comes to writing I like to believe that it is reflective of how my mind works. My writing can turn out to be very curious, very random, but nevertheless always trying to find some sort of point, answer, or solution in a way that may not come off as conventional. Nevertheless, it is who I am and I have come to enjoy the curiosity and randomness that comes with being Benjamin Oberlton. I cannot say exactly where I am from considering the fact that I do not really like choosing one home over the other, but I like to consider myself a IllGeoTexMaryGeorgian (In order of my homes born in Illinois, moved to Georgia, Texas, Maryland and finally back to Georgia). I am more or less a small little melting pot of different state cultures that has helped me realize just how different the world can be. Whether its realizing that Texas has their own state pledge you say every morning or arguing over whether Maryland is in the south or not, I have become a Frankensteins monster (yes Frankensteins monster. Not Frankenstein. Big difference. Just saying.) composed of the various states I now call home. However, my interest for blogging and writing stem from the MIT Class of 2019 Facebook page oddly enough. It was there that I found I enjoyed sharing my stories and making others life with various pictures, posts and video blogs. So I cannot stress it enough.. It can be in the most seemingly insignificant places that you will find something that you will love. Lastly, why am I here at MIT you ask??? That answer is quite simple. I have the tremendous goal of wanting to find a cure to cancer. No not one of them, not some of them, not a way to slow down cancer, but a cure to cancer period. (-please ignore the fact that I said period then wrote it. Trust me it works. If I was talking to you face to face you would be like Dang, I like his use of the word period.) Though it is seemingly impossible, improbable, and insane, the fact that I could one day make it as an MIT student, and even more so an MIT blogger, once met these same criteria. So I always like to think, go big and if someone says you cant, go even bigger. Now actually lastly, I am looking forward to writing blogs, videoing vlogs, and simply sharing with you what it means to be a student here at MIT. It was here on these admissions blogs that I truly fell in love with the school, so it is here that I hope to one day inspire someone somewhere that MIT truly is one of the most amazing places on this oh so amazing planet. Kevin S. 19 Dorm: Burton Conner Course: 15 About: Sup? Im Kevin, and I was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area, where the sun shines for most of the year, it never snows, rain isnt really a thing. Basically, were chill all day every day. Since I was 6, Ive spent the majority of my life in frigid ice rinks. Im a figure skater on Team USA, which means Im often out and about traveling to destinations across the globe for training and competitions. Throughout my travels, Ive gotten accustomed to living out of a suitcase on months on end. Stuffing my suitcases so full but barely topping out the weight limit has become second nature. Aside from being a nomadic rink rat, I also love good food, books, movies, music, and photography. My life wouldnt be complete without late night food runs, Netflix marathons, or impossibly-long Snapchat stories. And in case you were wondering, I have no clue what I want to study yet. Possibly a combination of Course 6-3 and 15. But, hey, thats what the next 4 years are four, right? tl;dr: MIT HERE I COME. Sabrina M. 19 Dorm: Senior Haus Course: 1 Profile: Heyo! My names Sabrina and I love to love stuff. Some of this stuff includes all kinds of drawing, slam poetry, amateur vintage photography, and watching cooking videos. Ive spent most of my recent years trying to really figure myself out, and I hope that while I do, you can, too. Id like to say Im from three places all at once, just because all three shaped me, with or without the title of being my hometown. Im from the concrete jungles of New York, the modern suburbia of Westchester and the sandy beaches of the Dominican Republic, all of them equally cool but entirely different. Each one also taught me something different, like being able to convert Pesos to Dollars in my head. My parents, both immigrants, always raised me to do what I love, so I grew up wanting to be an artist, then a writer, then a whole bunch of other unremarkable and unoriginal career paths, but finally ended up here. Instead of my childhood dreams of going to art schools in Manhattan, my parents decided moving out of the city was the best bet and that dream got filled with pipes (is that how it goes?). So, I studied architecture in a magnet high school and thought, Hey, this is pretty neat, but I wish there was more math. A lot more math. Funny how life works like that. I may be on a different track but my art lives on and my writing is out there in the world, so I guess you could say things havent really changed much since I was a kid. Dreams really do come true. Phoebe C. 18 Dorm: East Campus Course: 18 14 Profile: I am the type of person who has a five-year plan, and I am currently trying to fit Iceland into it. I come from a preppy suburb of Philadelphia, where I spent the first sixteen years of my life people-watching and dreaming about other places and growing fond of travel, painting, yoga, self-help books, and hip-hop. My parents are from China. I have an older brother who also goes to MIT. I did a lot of math as a kid because math is mind-boggling and satisfying. I also wrote a lot of angsty poetry. These are the facts. Im joining the blogger community as a sophomore intending to double-major in Courses 18 and 14. I mostly care about efficiency and the collisions between peoples lives. Im not positive what I want to do in the future, but right now Im thinking it would be cool to go to law school and work on judicial reform. Well see, though. The five-year plan is shaky. Ive been called low-key. Ive been called fabulous. Ive been called sassy. You can call me Phoebe. Meet The (New) Bloggers! A few weeks ago I posted the Blogger Application 2011. We received over 50 applications for just a few available spots. The vast majority were from incoming freshman, but there were about a dozen from upperclassmen as well. Over the last week and a half the blogger committee comprised of the communications team and our Class of 2012 senior bloggers reviewed all of these applications, and tried to sort them out among us. The seniors got a little glimpse into life as an admissions officer: as Rachel emailed me, i cannot imagine how difficult comparing 17000 applicants must bethere are actually like, too many good applicants. i weep prematurely for them. Yep. However, as with our undergraduate applications, the cruel difficulty of the decisions is no excuse for not making them. Decide we must, and decide we did. So, without further ado, let me introduce to you our new bloggers! Class of 2015: Connie H. hails from Richmond, CA. When shes not tutoring math or making infographics, shes working on Mixest, a hipster indie radio station that allows you to select play, pause, or more obscure. Connie promotes her own personal IndieRoulette by leaving custom business cards in local stores, and shed like to study Marketing here at MIT, as well as cross-register for art classes at MassArt should she come across a Time-Turner in her dorm. I hate hipsters but Connies cool!! Natnael G. was born in Ethiopia but spent his childhood building robots for FIRST Team 1710 in Olathe, KS. While majoring in Course 6-2 he intends to spend a lot of time combining his interest in technology and the arts by creeping through the Media Lab. Fellow residents of East Campus, do not steal his stuff, as Natnael is an experienced archer and no, Im not talking about the FX series. Kirsten L. of Duluth, GA showed (rather than told) when she made her application entirely out of second grade arts and crafts supplies. Kirsten plans to major in 2 and 20 to make robots that can gently heal you before becoming sentient and dominating the skies with innumerable ghastly horrors. Shed like to be a MedLink in Maseeh too, which will one day be hallowed as the Bethlehem where the doctor robot revolution began. Look forward to her pictures, her crafts, and her love/hate relationship with Peep Research. Ana V. of Burbank, IL loves creating cool things. While she hasnt yet chosen between Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science, she did help make a biodiesel reactor in high school, and she can change streetlights with her mind. Burton-Conner residents, take notice. Ana, who attended MITES at MIT, has also spent the last few years working as a blogger for an organization that helps inspire young Latinos to go to college and create telepathic biorockets just like her. Class of 2014: Tom R. comes from Colorado and now lives in BC, where he makes very bad state-themed jokes (Where is a good place to watch Wimbledon? Tennessee!). A major in course 24-2 (Linguistics and Philosophy), Tom enjoys writing, the oboe, and poutine. Despite his loathsome liking for cheese-curd fries, were happy to have him aboard. Lydia K. made the transition from Pennsylvania to Random Hall with the aid of her adorable flying science cows: She can move her ears independently of the other and she cares deeply about frogs. After reading more of her wonderful writing, I hope you will too. Class of 2012 Qiaochu Y. is a frat boy (Theta Xi) mathlete (Course 18) who has made an appearance in our blogs before when he was interviewed by his friend and fellow blogger Rachel. He once auditioned for American Idol, where the girl in front of him sang the song he was going to sing (he didnt make it). As a senior, he looks forward to write about math and Kids These Days. These folks wont begin blogging right away, as we have to get them to campus and into our system first.When that time comes, theyll be able to tell you more about their own personal stories, which I assure you are more interesting, compelling, and better written than anything I provided here. Theyre all terrific and Im psyched to have them. Once again, thanks to all those who applied, and everyone say hi to the new crew!

Science Versus Pseudoscience Science Vs. Pseudoscience

BSC 1020 – Homework Unit A Science vs. Pseudoscience This homework is worth 25 points of the 900 points available in the course. Please use the textbook, the PPT lecture handout of Chapter 1, and internet to answer the following six questions: 1) What are the steps of the scientific method? (4 points) The scientific method contains several steps which are as follows. 1. Ask a question 2. Do some background research 3. Create a hypothesis 4. Test your hypothesis by experimentation 5. Analyze the data and come to a conclusion 6. Communicate your results 2) Explain the difference between science and pseudoscience. (4 points) Science and Pseudoscience differ in many ways. Science uses experimentation to accept or reject the hypothesis being tested while pseudoscience only looks for evidence to support the hypothesis often ignoring conflicting evidence. In science reproducible results are required before coming to a conclusion while in pseudoscience will often fail to successfully reproduce similar results. Science also argues with scientific information based of experimentation while pseudoscience lacks scientific evidence when supporting ideas. All and all the two contrast in many ways these being some of the most prominent. 3) List three examples of pseudoscience (other than astrology). Explain in 1-2 sentences why you consider them so. (3 points) 1. Hollow Earth: This suggests the earth is entirely hollow or partially hollow and a certain subterraneanShow MoreRelatedA study on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder3753 Words   |  15 Pagescognitive restructuring, or combinations of these have found robust effects for therapy compared to placebo (often relaxation training alone) or to wait-list control groups (Resick, Monson, Rizvi, 2008). The results for combinations of treatments versus a single intervention are mixed (Resick et al., 2008); however, many clinicians prefer to use some type of exposure therapy with other CBT or cognitive processing techniques added, but exposure therapies should only be attempted by therapists trainedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder: Effects and Treatments4411 Words   |  18 Pagescognitive restructuring, or combinations of these have found robust effects for the rapy compared to placebo (often relaxation training alone) or to wait-list control groups (Resick, Monson, Rizvi, 2008). The results for combinations of treatments versus a single intervention are mixed (Resick et al., 2008); however, many clinicians prefer to use some type of exposure therapy with other CBT or cognitive processing techniques added, but exposure therapies should only be attempted by therapists trainedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................. 299 CHAPTER 10 Deductive Reasoning .......................................................................................... 312 x Implying with Certainty vs. with Probability ................................................................................ 312 Distinguishing Deduction from Induction ..................................................................................... 319 Review of MajorRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 PagesW. Taylor and trace developments in management thought in Great Britain, Europe, Japan, and the U.S.A. up to about 1929. Taylor is the focal point, but we will see his followers as well as developments in personnel management and the behavioral sciences. Henri Fayol and Max Weber will be discussed, although their main influence came later, and we will conclude with an overview of the influence of scientific management in its environment. Chapter 7 The Advent of Scientific Management

Managing core risks in banks - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4178 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION RISK is a concept that denotes the precise probability of specific eventualities. It is simply the future uncertainty and not only the incidents of predictable outcomes but also the unpredictable favourable outcomes. All the firms or companies whether it is in real or providing service are facing some sort of RISK at present competitive business world to run its business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing core risks in banks" essay for you Create order Banks are one of them in these regard and it is facing possibility of risk in terms of money and their achieved reputation. Bank is a financial institution that primarily deals with borrowing and lending money from the people by the people to the people. Besides this core activities now-a-days banks are also dealing with other roles related to economy. Modern banks are offering a wide range of financial services as a result the level and intensity of risk exposure have expanded today. 1.1 Significance: All the policymakers and the managers are now believe that risk management is essential where it has been identified few core areas to be managed effectively and efficiently are as follows, credit risk, interest-rate risk, exchange-rate risk, environmental risk,, and money laundering risk, liquidity or funding risk, leverage or capital risk, strategic risk, which needed to be greater emphasis. 1.2 Problem Statements: To do the whole research, at first, it is necessary to identify the problems regarding the selected topic. As the topic is related to risk in banks and its management it is the core need to know the problems that banks may face if the risks are not considered properly and those problems are as follows: ? Chances of variation in expected outcome. ? Possibility of suffering loss. ? Measure of probability and severity of adverse effects. 1.3 Research Objectives: The core objectives of doing this research are as follows: ? To improve profit and profitability. ? To manage and reduce all the major risks in banking business. ? To ensure long-term solvency and viability of the bank. ? To develop a structured framework for risk management. ? To form some guidelines as a basis for customization of the risk management strategies of banks. 1.4 Rationale: As a post graduate diploma student it is very essential to do some research to go depth of any topic. As banking sector is expanding its hand in different financial event everyday, as the demand for better services increases day by day it, they are coming with different ideas and product where the risk is also becoming higher. So it is necessary to know all the risks bank may face to run its business. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW The unanticipated part of the return, that portion resulting from surprises is the true risk of any investment. If we always receive what we expect, than the investment is perfectly predictable and, by definition, risk-free. In other words, the risk of owning an asset comes from surprises-unanticipated events. RISK is a concept that denotes the precise probability of specific eventualities. It is simply the future uncertainty and not only the incidents of predictable outcomes but also the unpredictable favourable outcomes. All the firms or companies whether it is in real or providing service are facing some sort of risk at present competitive business world to run its business. Banks are one of them in these regard and it is facing possibility of risk in terms of money and their achieved reputation. Bank is a financial institution that primarily deals with borrowing and lending money from the people by the people to the people. Besides this core activities now-a-days banks are also dealing with other roles related to economy. A wide range of financial services are offering by modern banks as a result the level and intensity of risk exposure have been expanded as well. So all the policymakers and the managers are now believe that risk management is essential, where they have been identified few core areas to be managed effectively and efficiently are as follows, credit risk, interest-rate risk, exchange-rate risk, environmental risk, money laundering risk, liquidity or funding risk, leverage or capital risk, strategic risk, which needed to discuss broadly. Financial risk refers to the risk that a bank will not have ample cash flow to meet the financial obligations. Financial risks are taken in managing the balance sheet and off-balance activities. Financial risk covers, among others, credit risk which is thought the most dominant financial risk today. This is the risk of erosion of value due to simple default or non-payment by the borrowers. Credit risk is also known as counter-party risk since its come from the failure of counter party to meet its obligation as per contract or agreed terms and conditions. An interest-rate risk refers to the potential negative effect on the net cash flows and value of assets and liabilities resulting from interest-rate changes. In extreme conditions, interest rate fluctuations can create a liquidity crisis. The subject of interest rate risk also belongs to the Asset-Liability Management and is much broader than liquidity. The fluctuation in the prices of financial assets due to changes in interest rates can be large enough to make default risk which is the major threat to banks viability. Exchange-rate risk, or currency risk, is the risk of declines in cash flows and asset values of a bank due to change in exchange rate. The banks with overseas operations of those active in foreign exchange markets faces exchange rate risk. All the risk and how it can be reduced would be discussed thoroughly on the ma in body of the report. All the risk that modern banks may face at the present competitive business world viewed by experts have briefly discussed as follows: 2.1 Credit Risk Management: Saidur, (2008) defined that financial risk arises as a risk when a bank doesnt have enough money to meet its financial obligations, are taken in managing the balance sheet and off-balance activities. This risk includes, among others, credit risk which is the most dominant financial risk today that decomposition of value due to simple default or non-payment by the borrowers. Credit risk is also known as counter-party risk since its come from the failure of counter party to meet his/her obligation as per contract or agreed terms and conditions that also can be defined as the possible failure by the bank borrowers or counter-party within the agreed time period. According to BIS (2000), â€Å"Credit Risk is most simply defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms.† To maximize the rate of return this risk should be managed properly. Banks need to manage credit risk in the entire range as well a s the risk in individual credits or transactions. The effective management of credit risk is a critical component of a comprehensive approach to risk management and essential to the long-term success of any banking organization. 2.2 Interest-rate Risk Management: According to Bank of Jamaica (2005), â€Å"Interest rate risk is the potential impact that faces by banks on its earnings and net asset values of changes in interest rates.† When banks principal amount and its cash flows differ in both on-and-off balance sheet items then interest-rate risk arises. Managing interest rate risk is a fundamental element in the safe and sound management of all banks. Although the facts of interest rate risk management differ among banks depend upon the nature and complexity of its asset and liability structure. A wide-ranging interest rate risk management programme requires getting interest-rate risk positions and risking profiles. ? To establish and implement sound and prudent interest rate risk policies; ? To develop and implement appropriate interest rate risk measurement techniques; and ? To develop and implement effective interest rate risk management and control procedures. Managing interest rate requires a clear understanding of th e sum at risk and the impact of changes in interest rates on this risk position. To make these determinations, adequate information should be available to consent appropriate action to be taken within acceptable, often very short, short periods. The longer it takes an institution to eliminate or reverse an unwanted exposure, the greater the possibility of loss. Interest-rate risk refers to the potential negative effect on the net cash flows and value of assets and liabilities resulting from interest-rate changes. In extreme conditions, interest rate fluctuations can create a liquidity crisis. The subject of interest rate risk also belongs to the Asset-Liability Management and is much broader than liquidity. The fluctuation in the prices of financial assets due to changes in interest rates can be large enough to make default risk which is the major threat to banks viability. (Saidur 2008) 2.3 Exchange-rate risk Management: Saidur (2008) pointed out that exchange-rate risk or currency risk is the risk of declines in cash flows and asset values of a bank due to change in exchange rate. The banks with overseas operations of those active in foreign exchange markets faces exchange rate risk. The net long position and short position of foreign currency balances under trading book may be assessed to know the extent the risk as well as capital requirements for this purpose. However, the Value-at-Risk (VaR), one of the most sophisticated approaches that depend on inferential statistical parameters, may be used to determine the extent of risk in this area. 2.4 Environmental Risk Management: Saidur (2008) suggested that Environmental Risk is the risk that the bank must guard against but over which it has at best limited control. The bank must take it that as a firm, like any other, it is open to risk resulting from changes in the external environment in which it operates. It includes: a) Defalcation risk—the risk of theft or fraud by bank officers or employees as well as by the customers must be carefully guarded against in order to avoid substantial losses. Code of conduct, moral value creation, punitive measures etc., may help reducing such risk. 2.5 Money Laundering Risk Management: Saidur (2008) explained that the loss of reputation and expenses incurred as penalty for being negligent in prevention of money laundering. Sound Know Your Client (KYC) procedure, Cash transaction report (CTR), suspicious transaction report (STR), clear understanding of the business of the client, persons identity will reduce the loss of reputation and expenses incurred as penalty from such types of risk. With money laundering on the rise around the world, regulatory response is also increasing. Recent enforcement actions have focused on an institutions lack of consistent internal controls, governance and oversight. In response, financial institutions are in search of reasonable anti-money laundering measures they can take to ensure regulatory compliance, including implementing a monitoring system that: ? Migrates all risks identified in their risk assessment. ? Can be implemented in months rather than years. ? Has lower infrastructure and support costs. ? Is proven to pass r egulatory muster. 2.6 Liquidity or Funding Risk Management: Mathias and Kleopatra (2009) describes that Funding liquidity risk is the possibility that over a specific horizon, a bank will unable to meet the demand for money, as other risks, funding liquidity risk is forward looking and measured over a specific horizon. It is a zero-one concept, i.e. a bank can either settle obligations, or it cannot. Funding liquidity risk, on the other hand, can take on infinitely many values reflecting the magnitude of risk. Moreover, funding liquidity is a point-in-time concept, while funding liquidity is forward looking. As long as the bank is not in an absorbing state, both liquidity and illiquidity are possible. The likelihood of either depends on the time horizon considered and on the nature of the funding position of the bank. In this respect, concerns about the future ability to settle obligations or to raise cash at short notice, i.e. future funding liquidity, will impact on current funding liquidity risk. 2.7 Leverage or Capital Risk Management: Leverage or capital risk is the potential inability of a bank to protect its depositors and creditors from declines in asset value and therefore, default. Banks need to maintain adequate capital because it is caution against unexpected losses; it ensures that a bank remains solvent and stays in business even under extreme conditions; it has directly linked with investment/credit operations and it aims at absorbing unexpected losses at certain confidence level. Banks are following the best international practice given by the Basel Committee on banking supervision for maintaining adequate capital to commensurate to exposure or risk on balance sheet from 1996. Saidur (2008). 2.8 Strategic Risk Management: Saidur (2008), depicts that strategic risk is the risk of the bank choosing inappropriate geographic and product areas that will be profitable for the bank in a complex future environment. In other words, strategic risk may occur when a bank is not prepared or able to complete in a newly developing line of business. 2.9 Overview: A widespread and classy management information system needs to be developed for analysing behavioural profile of depositors and borrowers. Also need to understand mature profile of assets and liabilities including duration gap analysis, calculation of potential loss from movements of rate of return, adoption of contingency plan for liquidity, analysing some crucial factors related to possibility of credit default, loss given default, exposure at default expected loss etc. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Types: Quantitative and qualitative approaches are the beginning point to understand the collection of information for research. The observations and measurements that can be measured objectively and repeated by other researchers are known as the quantitative research. On the other hand the research which aims to increase our understanding of why is called qualitative research. The research that we have done is a qualitative research because its increase our understanding of ‘why? Suppose from this research we will be able to know that why banks should manage its core risk? 3.2 Methods of Data Collection: To complete a research we have to collect a lot of data and information. This data and information can be two types: primary data or secondary data. By the term primary data generally we mean the immediate information while secondary data relates with the past period information. Primary data is more accommodating as it shows latest information and we can collect primary data directly from the work field and it take a lot of time. But secondary data can be collect effortlessly, rapidly and inexpensively. We made this research on the basis of secondary data. Mainly we collect the information from different journals, books and through some websites. 3.3 Research Framework: Saidurs definition was more reasonable so the definition was taken which is financial risk arises as a risk when a bank doesnt have enough money to meet its financial obligations, are taken in managing the balance sheet and off-balance activities. According to Bank of Jamaica â€Å"Interest rate risk is the potential impact that faces by banks on its earnings and net asset values of changes in interest rates.† When banks principal amount and its cash flows differ in both on-and-off balance sheet items then interest-rate risk arises. Interest-rate risk refers to the potential negative effect on the net cash flows and value of assets and liabilities resulting from interest-rate changes. In extreme conditions, interest rate fluctuations can create a liquidity crisis. The subject of interest rate risk also belongs to the Asset-Liability Management and is much broader than liquidity. The fluctuation in the prices of financial assets due to changes in interest rates can be l arge enough to make default risk which is the major threat to banks viability, which was broadly discussed by Saidur. He also pointed out that exchange-rate risk or currency risk is the risk of declines in cash flows and asset values of a bank due to change in exchange rate. The banks with overseas operations of those active in foreign exchange markets faces exchange rate risk. The net long position and short position of foreign currency balances under trading Mathias and Kleopatra describes that Funding liquidity risk is the possibility that over a specific horizon, a bank will unable to meet the demand for money, as other risks, funding liquidity risk is forward looking and measured over a specific horizon. It is a zero-one concept, i.e. a bank can either settle obligations, or it cannot. Funding liquidity risk, on the other hand, can take on infinitely many values reflecting the magnitude of risk. Saidur (2008), depicts that strategic risk is the risk of the bank choosin g inappropriate geographic and product areas that will be profitable for the bank in a complex future environment. In other words, strategic risk may occur when a bank is not prepared or able to complete in a newly developing line of business. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Banking has a diversified and complex financial activity which is no longer limited within the geographic boundary of a country. Since its activity involves high risk, the issue of effective internal control system, corporate governance, transparency, accountability has become significant issues to ensure smooth performance of the banking industry throughout the world. In many banks internal control is identified with internal audit; the scope of internal control is not limited to audit work. It is an integral part of the daily activity of a bank, which on its own merit identifies the risks associated with the process and adopts a measure to mitigate the same. Internal Audit on the other hand is a part of Internal Control system which reinforces the control system through regular review. Internal Control refers to the mechanism in place on a permanent basis to control the activities in an organization, both at a central and at a departmental/divisional level. A key component of ef fective internal control is the operation of a solid accounting and information system. The internal control environment is the framework under which internal controls are developed, implemented and monitored. It consists of the mechanisms and arrangements that ensure internal and external risks to which the company is exposed are identified; appropriate and effective internal controls are developed and implemented to soundly and prudently manage these risks; reliable and comprehensive systems are to be put in place to appropriately monitor the effectiveness of these controls. Each company needs to have in place an appropriate and effective internal control environment to ensure that the company is managed and controlled in a sound and prudent manner. 4.1 Credit risk: This risk results from the possible inability of the borrower to repay the loan or its benefits or the inability of the companys securities from the investor bank to pay the value of paper or revenues, and this danger is the quality of the portfolio of loans and investments in securities and the degree of risk in loan is often higher than securities. This risk can be controlled partly by examining the borrowers financial appropriacy and his ability pay as an initial guarantee for payment of the loan, and to obtain assets or securities or goods as secondary guarantees for payment of the loan, as well as examining the financial situation of companies issuing the securities which the bank wishes to invest in. However, we can not control another part of credit risk represented in non-payment due to general economic conditions or natural disasters. 4.2 Liquidity Risk: This risk results from the inability of the bank to repay liabilities and obligations due on their maturity dates because the bank does not harmonize the maturities dates of assets and liabilities through investment in assets with maturities dates greater than those of liabilities, something which leads to the inability to meet the demands for the withdrawal of deposits when they are due. Liquidity risk can be divided into two types: Funding Liquidity Risk (it results from the inability of the bank in normal circumstances to obtain adequate liquidity to repay its obligations, or obtain new deposits or a new loan or its inability to liquidate its assets); Market Liquidity Risk (it results from sudden withdrawal of deposits resulting in the inability of the bank to pay without incurring unexpected loss). 4.3 Market or Price Risk: This risk results from the decline in the value of some elements of logistical assets or liabilities, the Bank handles the assets and liabilities affected by the market price significantly, especially when interest rates differ between each of the assets and liabilities. General Market Risks (where all market tools move once as a result of taking economic decisions or general conditions and therefore this type of risk can not be controlled; Specific Market Risks (where a certain tool moves without the others for reasons related to the source of this tool, such as low profits or the returns of the portfolio or indicator of securities related to a certain industry that suffers from certain recession.. The banks management must predict and control such risks by diversifying investments. 4.4 Foreign Currency Risk: The reason for this type of risk is the change in exchange rates of foreign currencies against the local currency, which affects revenues and costs associated with investments in foreign currency. The probability of this risk increases with the increase in the volume of investments in foreign currency or their concentration in one currency. 4.5 Interest rate risk: A bank is exposed to interest rate risk when it experiences a situation of imbalance in terms of size or maturity dates between assets and liabilities sensitive to interest rates, leading to potential losses for the bank when interest rate increases or declines and this influences the net asset value in the budget, which some call risk gap. 4.6 Operational Risk: It results from the inability of the information and control system in the bank to predict various other risks, and as a result their occurrence is ignored and the bank incurs losses. This shortcoming may be due to technical reasons related to the information system itself or to administrative and regulatory reasons. 4.7 Legal Risk: This risk results from the decline of the market value of the assets of the bank compared with liabilities as a result of losses for any of the above reasons, and therefore the bank cannot pay dues to clients and resort to liquidation and the use of its capital to fill the gap between assets and liabilities. Thus, it can notice the multiplicity and diversity of the risks faced by commercial banks in their work due to the nature of the banking industry which is characterized by a range of factors that lead to increased risks. These factors include: Commercial banks dependency on others funds represented in deposits and loans so that the ratio of capital to net assets does not exceed 7% at most, which reduces the safety edge for small depositors and increases risks. The nature of the financial markets in which banks operate, as these markets are constantly changing, and the growing global inflation, which supports the state of instability of commercial banks. Increased co mpetition faced by commercial banks on the part of other financial institutions to attract and grant funds such as insurance companies, pension funds and securities investment companies. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Banks can apply the follow strategies to manage the risk: 1. making intelligent investment/credit decisions so that the expected risk of investment /credit is both accurately graded and priced to compensate risk exposure; 2. diversifying across borrowers, activities and regions so that credit loses are not concentrated to a particular area, borrower or activity; 3. creating ‘investment caps to avoid over concentration on a particular sector; 4. imposing legal limit of investment/credit for each single client or group of companies 5. encouraging syndicated financing; 6. purchasing third party guarantees/credit insurance so that default risk entirely of partially can be shifted away from the banks; and 7. setting-up separate credit administration department to administer proper disbursement, documentation and custody thereof monitoring covenants and compliance. In the economic reality from our days, banks face several challenges to sustain the economic development of every country. There are a lot of threats and risks which c an interfere in the banks activity, with a great influence over the performance and profitability. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed some interesting and useful performance evaluation methods in commercial banks, concomitantly with a detailed analysis of the risks that a commercial bank faces in managing assets and liabilities. Stable banking systems are able to maintain efficiency in unforeseen situations and to generate incentives and credible financial information for all participants. The importance of this approach is that a market economy can not function without profitable consolidated banks; together with the revival of economy and improving the business environment. The banking system has seen an accelerated development, both in terms of quantity, as particularly in terms of quality. In the context of the challenges associated with globalization, internationalization banking activity, as a consequence of reduce trade barriers between countries and the opening of finan cial markets to foreign investors, can not be achieved without an efficient banking system. In the economic reality from our days, banks face several challenges to sustain the economic development of every country. There are a lot of threats and risks which can interfere in the banks activity, with a great influence over the performance and profitability. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed some interesting and useful performance evaluation methods in commercial banks, concomitantly with a detailed analysis of the risks that a commercial bank faces in managing assets and liabilities.

Behavior Modification Project Free Essays

I don’t remember exactly when I took to smoking or how the habit had developed in me. However I remember well that my pattern of smoking has been fairly consistent, at least for the last couple of years, smoking about six cigarettes a day. There are of course days when I have smoked a couple of cigarettes more or less too. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavior Modification Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of my friends don’t smoke and they don’t like smoking in their presence, although they wouldn’t object it on the face. I am aware of the risks of smoking, its association with cancer and strokes, and had long decided to abandon it. I had convinced myself that I need to give up smoking. However I didn’t have a plan or deadline for it; not that I was ignorant of this fact. I knew that to get rid of any habit, one should have a concrete plan and an anticipated schedule. In my mind, I believed I would soon be implementing one for myself. Unfortunately I did nothing in an effort to quit smoking, only compensating it with a feeling that I have a strong untested will power and can easily quit whenever I wanted. It never struck me that the quitting should start now. It so happened, that I had an opportunity last month to attend a seminar on ‘Modern lifestyle trends and its impact on health’. Here the speaker emphasized that habits like smoking, alcoholism, drugs, sexual attitudes can only be reversed when it is within a reversible range. He said it was his personal opinion that chronic addicts cannot come out of it, no matter what the de-addiction programs he or she goes through. He then went on to give scary facts that awaited the pursuers of these habits. This was when I got really scared, and decided to call it a day. I knew I was not a chronic smoker although I thanked God; he didn’t define a chronic smoker. I realized and accepted the fact that I had not made even the slightest attempt, to give up smoking. I took a resolution that quitting efforts would start right here and right now. I was careful enough not to fall back on Behavior Modification Project 3 my will power and put it through an acid test, by deciding to quit immediately. I began to plan a way of achieving a no smoking state in a gradual way. I was happy that although my efforts to quit smoking had been late, it was being done cautiously. Had I taken an unplanned and arbitrary decision, like stopping instantly; and if it had rebounded, there were chances that I would probably never get out of it. For the first week, I had decided that I would smoke no more than six cigarettes a day, so as to average about six or lesser number per day. For the second week, I had planned a reduction of two cigarettes a day, so as to average about four or less per day. Then the most important third week, where I further reduced the number of cigarettes to just two per day. Then the hopefully successful fourth week, where I would be a non-smoker. Although I was confident, I was apprehensive of the possibility of achieving these goals. I recollected the times when I didn’t have a cigarette and desperately needed one, and to the extent I went, to get one. As my goal to quit smoking is to be achieved only in stages, I thought it necessary to reward myself whenever I reach the goal, for the week. This would not only be an encouragement for me, but also an acknowledgement of meeting target for that week. I decided to treat myself to a half hour, either in a flight simulator or with friends. This was my roadmap to quit smoking, planned in detail. The first week wasn’t difficult as it was almost like any before; the only difference being that it should not exceed six any day. However, I considered this week as a crucial one because this was the first week I was ever under smoking conditions. I smoked only about five for most days of this week. The second week was more difficult, as I could smoke only four or less. Here too I tried to restrict to the least possible and I smoked less than the target. I smoked only about three per day for most days, touching four only twice that week. I allowed and enjoyed the treat I promised myself, after each week. Then came the ultimate third week Behavior Modification Project 4 where I had to be more resistive to temptations; just two cigarettes a day. It was indeed difficult but I was determined, and knew it was worth it. On the third day of the third week, I had a feeling that things might become extremely difficult, and even impossible in the fourth week. Third week looked achievable, but I feared the fourth ultimate week, where I had to be without cigarettes. I realized, I needed any possible help to keep me off cigarettes. I joined a meditation class by the mid of the third week. By the time fourth week started, I felt I could comfortably keep off cigarettes for the week. I didn’t feel the urge to smoke one that entire week. In fact, I would say, the fourth week was the most comfortable and a confident one as I felt that smoking was no longer a problem with me. When I went for my treat that weekend, I sensed the feel of being a non-smoker, for the first time. How to cite Behavior Modification Project, Papers

Contributions Masini To Accounting Theories-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contributions Masini To Accounting Theories? Answer: Introduction Amazon is a cloud computing company that is based in Seattle, United States and is the largest online retailer in the world. It incorporates the principle of general-purpose financial reporting while preparing their financial reports. Values of figures reported in the assets and liabilities and several other areas of financial statements that are based on the estimates and assumptions of principles. In the present situation, investors of Amazon are facing with dilemma as despite the bullish performance of organization. Investors are bullish on long-term performance and they are scared to trade in short-term aspects and such behaviours of investors are explained by the application of mental short cut concepts that is heuristics. The outperformance of share price of Amazon is driven by higher level of operating cash flow and increasing revenue. Moreover, Amazon does not have any particular accounting principle and they keep amending the accounting system for complying with the updated standard. There are several possible objectives for general purpose financial reporting. Explain what these objectives might be, and which one you think best applies to Amazons financial reporting (based on the information in the case study). Make sure that you fully explain your answer. A general-purpose financial statement is a means for communicating reliable and relevant information to users about a reporting entity. Reporting entities are enabled to discharge their accountability by providing mechanisms to their governing bodies and management. It helps in discharging the responsibilities of reporting entities by inflecting both at micro and at macro-economic level. Another objective of general purpose financial reporting is to serve the needs of stakeholders of reporting entities such as lenders, potential investors, creditors with relevant financial information that would assist them in decision making (Andrei and Corbella 2017). It provides platform for assessing prospects of entities for their future net cash flow and whether the governing bodies and management are effectively and efficiently managed. General purpose financial reporting is directed primarily catered to investors, lenders, creditors and their objective is to provide relevant financial information. Financial information about reporting entities such as any claim against them and any economic resources are provided through such reporting standards. Effect in the transaction and any effect of change in claims and economic resources of entities are provided. Useful input are provided through such information that assist investors in decision-making. From the given case study on Amazon, it was observed that although online retail giant experienced a jump in sales value, they do not have increasing gross margin, rather they are experienced with shattered and declining gross margin. Despite falling gross margin, stock of organization has been sustained by rapid growth in revenue and optimism on long-term profit margin. From the analysis of case study, it can be said that the applicable objective as per general purpose reporting entities are related to their financial performance. There needs to be adoption of several measures for displaying the performance of entity. They are required to make distinction between items of expenses and income that have differing degrees of inclusiveness. This can be explained with the help of an example, gross margin and profit and loss arising ordinary activities after taxation and before taxation and loss or profit. In case of Amazon also the main objective of the company is to provide proper information to the users through their financial statements so that they can take proper decision with regard to the company and its various policies. The company is considering making new investments and it is important that the companies must make proper disclosure about the same in their annual reports. The company must follow all the accounting standards and accounting policies that would help them making all the disclosures accurately and very precisely (Kew and Stredwick 2017). It is seen that on the basis of the same the company needs to follow the standard rules and regulations for the preparation of their financial statements and it is important to make sure that they are free from all kind of errors. The ongoing pressure of margin of Amazon is affecting investors. Investors seek to get the information about organization whether the favourable cash flow are generated in the process of business and operating profitably (Bonin 2013). This is so because investors decision about expected cash flow is related to investors, business entities and uncertainties. Therefore, Amazon is required to incorporate the general-purpose financial reporting objective of displaying relevant financial information to investors. Financial reports of Amazon should incorporate relevant financial informations and explanatory materials are to be read with the financial statements that are to be communicated to investors of organization. References: Andrei, P. and Corbella, S., 2017. 8 The contributions of Carlo Masini to accounting theories. The History and Tradition of Accounting in Italy, p.158. Bonin, H., 2013. Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Kew, J., and Stredwick, J. 2017. Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers.

Why Microsoft is a monopoly Essay Example For Students

Why Microsoft is a monopoly Essay Through a combination of tactics that many people would consider monopolistic Microsoft is now involved in almost every aspect of the computer and computer-related telecommunications markets and is emerging as a major player in Internet commerce and on-line media ventures. As of March 1997, 87% of all the software developers were actually developing the Windows bit 32 platform, which is the operating system for Microsoft. Fifty three percent of 2.4 million US Professional developers use Microsofts visual basic program as their primary development language(1) Microsoft is playing an increasing role in their technical education, forging commercial partnerships with both commercial and academic training institutions. Microsofts Internet Explorer desktop browser has overtaken Netscapes software for navigating the Internet. Microsoft also has made many alliances with banks and its financial software, Money and Personal Investor, along with its financial server software, Microsoft is emerging as a key player in shaping the on-line financial transaction system of the future. Its ownership of the Microsoft Network(MSN) and its partnership with NBC, which has created MSNBC venture has given Microsoft strong distribution outlets for its emerging range of media content. Its investment in Dreamworks gives it a position in Hollywood movie and music production that can be assembled into its on-line ventures involving interactive multimedia as computers and television combine in coming years. Also Microsoft is working to control the way people connect to the Internet from work and home. Its $425 million purchase of WebTV gives it control of a major avenue for non-PC internet access. Its $1 billion investment in the cable company Comcast and proposed investments in US West cable now make it a major player in designing standards for accessing the Internet over cable. Microsofts Bill Gates is in partnership in a $9 billion venture to create a low-orbit satellite system called Teledesic that could give high-speed Internet access to anyone anywhere in the world, an investment supported by the US government through a massive free giveaway of radio spectrum to the company. Microsoft has used that financial clout consistently over the last few years to acquire companies and their software and human assets, while sealing financial alliances with a range of partners. While many of the financial details have not been made public, Microsoft spent an estimated $1.5 billion between 1994 and 1996 on acquisitions.(3) Microsoft has purchased many companies buying or investing in over twenty companies in 1996 alone. Its investment have not only been with the $1.5 billion spent on WebTV and Comcast, the $150 million invested in Apple, and the hundreds of millions invested in additional Internet-related companies, including its key investments in audio and video streaming. It has been acquiring key strategic technologies at a rate of over one per month. Surprisingly Microsoft is not at the peak of an industrys size but at an early stage in markets that are expected to explode in the next decade. If unchecked, there is a real possibility of Microsoft becoming a financial and technological mountain dominating more markets and industries than any monopoly has ever dominated. The nature of high technology makes each individual market linked to other markets through a combination of software standards, training skills, development tools and physical architecture that must all be able to work in combination. The key to the economics of networked technology is that products and markets do not stand alone in these high-technology markets but instead reinforce one path of innovation versus a ny alternative path. An operating system attracts software developed around that operating system, which discourages new competition since any alternative faces not only the challenge of creating a better operating system but competing against a while array of already existing software applications. Businesses train employees in one technology and are reluctant to abandon that investment in training, while the existence of a pool of people trained in that technology encourages other businesses to adopt that technology. And as desktop software has to be able to work with client-server networks and an array of other technologies, it becomes nearly impossible to abandon an established set of technology standards that tie those different parts together. These so-called network effects give an incredible anti-competitive edge to companies like Microsoft that .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 , .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .postImageUrl , .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 , .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:hover , .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:visited , .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:active { border:0!important; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:active , .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0 .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7d1da603ed2e53dc80c3f05bf6573a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nelson mandela Essay We will write a custom essay on Why Microsoft is a monopoly specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Choosing the Best Anti-Fouling Paint

Choosing the Best Anti-Fouling Paint The earliest anti-fouling systems consisted of two elements. The first was a metal scraper and the second was the lowest ranking sailor on the vessel. But seriously, the buildup of biological matter on the submerged hull is a huge problem for the material and for the efficiency of the vessel. The task of manually scraping bottoms was made much easier when sheet copper was fastened to the bottom of wooden hulled ships. Eventually the technology advanced to produce paint that held copper compounds and slowly released them into the environment. The next major breakthrough was tributyltin which worked very well but it was so toxic to the environment that it was banned three decades later. Improved copper based paints and non-copper alternatives are now available. In fact there are so many specialized paints it’s difficult to leave the copper behind to try something else. Why change? Well in some areas we are already seeing the signs that point to widespread bans. Northern Europe and the West Coast of the U.S. are phasing in bans in some areas and more will follow. Types of Anti-Fouling Paints Ablative Anti-Fouling Anti-fouling paints take different strategies to meet the goal of eliminating plant, animal, and algae growth on the wet parts of the hull. There are three common types of anti-foul available. The most common is ablative paint which wears away like a bar of soap. This soap analogy is very old but really works well for this type of paint. If you use your vessel regularly there should be no problem wearing away the growth. Seasonal boats that have long periods of disuse will not benefit as much of the cleaning takes place while underway. This paint works well since animals like the zebra mussel have difficulty finding a firm hold. They are generally pulled off as the vessel moves through the water. A moderate amount of maintenance is required for this coating since it must be applied to last until the next haul out. Large vessels that cannot be hauled should use a more durable paint. Copolymer Anti-Fouling Copolymers are much tougher than ablatives and don’t have some of the disadvantages of hard paints. They can be exposed to air during maintenance and not lose potency. There is also little chance of paint build up since copolymers are designed to ablate at a much slower rate than a true ablative paint. Unless you have a specific need for an ablative or hard paint this is often the best choice. It is also the safe option if a location has unknown conditions. Some people refer to these as slow polishing paints. Hard Anti-Fouling When a vessel gets to a certain size you no longer want the expense of dry dock or haul out. This is where hard coatings shine. The most common base for these paints is epoxy or some other tough polymer. It releases biocide constantly by allowing the poison to migrate to the surface of the paint and leaches fewer toxins away in the process. This is durable stuff and it does not come off in harsh conditions. In fact it must be removed mechanically by blasting or sanding. Because of the pollution potential of the runoff or dust from these processes produce toxic wastes that have significant costs of disposal. The cost of these paints is generally higher due to specialized application processes. For a smooth finish these paints should be sprayed while the others can be applied by roller and brush. Since this is a low maintenance solution most large commercial vessels use this type of paint. The Biocides Biocides are the toxic element in the paint which deters life from attaching to the hull. There are several types and sometimes combinations in the same product. Cuprous Oxide – This is the most common biocide by far. It is also the target of environmental regulators because it is building up in harbors. This is not necessarily because the bottom paint is leaching too much copper. The problem is thought to be caused by the power washing, scrubbing and sanding done on thousands of recreational vessels.Almost all of this runoff has a short trip from the bottom of the boat to the water it was almost never collected in the past. New regulations are now requiring marinas to collect this waste and dispose of it properly. This will increase the overall cost of maintenance and some services may no longer be available. Cuprous Thiocyanate – Similar in behavior to cuprous oxide but stronger biocides make it useful for high foul areas or low use vessels. Composite Copper – This is still copper but in a better package. The copper is encapsulated in another material that makes it less likely to leach beyond the needed rate. Silica is currently being used as a matrix but this is a rapidly advancing technology. Pyrithione Zinc – One of the best copper alternatives. Alternatives to copper are increasing as bans become inevitable. This biocide is not generally recommended for high fouling areas like the tropics. Non-Metalic Biocides – These are fairly new to the market and are composed of organic molecules most likely modeled from compounds found on a living creature. Anti-Foulings of the Future The future is super slippery and we have been promised something that is more of a thin film than paint. The first of these products have come to market and are best for low-fouling areas. They hold a lot of promise since they have no biocide and may last for the life of the vessel when fully developed. Imagine the days when a coating goes on at the shipyard and never needs replacement and at the same time improves efficiency. Until then somebody go get the scraper. Nanoparticles also hold some promise for the future of low friction coatings of all types.

Self -Care During Pregnancy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self -Care During Pregnancy - Research Paper Example Weight gain depends a lot on diet, physical activity and a way of life of a woman. There are certain recommendations for gain weight for women, however they differ for those with normal weight, who are underweight and overweight or obese. The weight gain also depends on how many children a woman is carrying (one, twins, triplets etc.). These recommendations are ("Pregnancy Weight Gain", New Zealand Ministry of Health, "Fit for Two: Tips for Pregnancy"): The numbers may differ depending on the recommendations of doctors in specific cases. But on the whole, a woman should try to keep to those limits, as lack of weight and weight excess may lead to undesirable outcomes, such as ("Pregnancy Weight Gain", New Zealand Ministry of Health, "Fit for Two: Tips for Pregnancy"): Thus it is necessary for a woman to try to keep to these limits, though it may be a challenge to many of them, especially that together with a growing baby, a woman has growing appetite. So it is important to her to monitor weight change and discuss it with her doctor. Healthy diet, which includes necessary nutrients and calories, and moderate physical activity may contribute to proper weight gain (New Zealand Ministry of Health). However constant and exhausting exercises should not become the ultimate goal of a pregnant woman, who does not want to gain more weight than recommended. A caloric intake of a pregnant woman does not differ significantly from a non-pregnant, and is between 2000-2500 calories (BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board, Hark and Catalano, "Fit for Two: Tips for Pregnancy"). There are some basic principles or rules, which a woman needs to observe while being pregnant. One of them is that pregnancy does not mean that a woman has to eat for two persons, because a baby does not require the same caloric intake as a grown-up person. A woman has to take extra 300-500 calories (Hark and Catalano). During the first trimester a woman may have the same calories

Reading reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading reflection - Assignment Example Inner speech however may not be an excellent way of learning since the mind might be distracted. As a result of instances of inner speech, the learner shifts the focus from the subject being shared to him hence the learner may not benefit from the inner speech adequately. In reflection No. 2, it is interesting to find out that it is not every question asked that can engage the students in an active way while in class. It is surprising to note that from research, three questions out of five which are asked in class require students to recall learnt data. In addition, out of five questions, the other is a managerial question and only one requires students to think on high levels in their thought processes (Borich, 2013). The statistics are shocking since they punch holes in the other assertions from the book that the thought process is a critical part of the learning process. During such an instance, the students do not learn effectively from the class lessons offered. However, such knowledge provides a chance for teachers to learn and adopt new ways of asking questions the right way to benefit the students. Therefore, whenever asking questions, the teachers should structure them in a way that generates an answer that has been well thought about. The p ractice will lead to actively engaging the thoughts of the students in such a manner that they benefit in the learning process. The use of the correct word choice, tonal variation and emphasis on specific words captivates the mind of the student keeping the mind alert. The main goal of carrying out a dialogue in class in a self-directed learning is to allow students participate in the learning process so as to enable them to understand complex class work content. A teacher achieves the learning objective when the students show gain of knowledge, skills and even develop a

The Coca Cola Commercial

The Coca Cola Commercial Coca-Cola has one of the most recognized brands in the world, and that recognition is due in large part to the companys careful marketing and branding efforts. In an Essence magazine, I noticed that the Coca Cola uses warm welcoming colors such as gold, brown, and orange to set the atmosphere. Also symmetry plays an important role in this advertisement. For instance, the props are equally matching on both sides the table around the cake. There is one woman in the center of the group as a focal point; all the other women have their heads tilted toward her. Clothes in this ad even have a pattern. First, the woman to the far right has a pattern shawl; the woman next to her left is wearing a solid color blouse. As we continue to examine each woman clothes, every other woman is wearing either solid color or a pattern shirt. Facial gestures are scripted as well; if we look closer on each side of the table two women give the same face expression with their nose up and month open. Another symmetrical trait is the women hair styles. Therefore the women that match facial expression also match with having long hair styles. The storyline is simple; it takes place at someone house in the kitchen. Friends gather around the table to celebrate a birthday. Skinny African American women are look happy and are laughing having a good time. Then the advertisement states in lower case letters, whos counting? Coca Cola make it real. Coco Cola ad is targeting African American women in their mid twenty to mid thirties and promising them that no one care about the calories, age doesnt matters, and y ou will have a good time because Coca Cola is the real taste of soda. Evidently, the brand being advertised in the ad is unmistakably Coca Cola, and the product being promoted is Coca cola can. The characters in the advertisement give a picture of young African American women, probably in their mid twenties to mid thirties celebrating a birthday party. Undoubtedly, the advertisement is specifically meant for them. According to Goddard, women in such an age group are faced with a couple of decisions to make, which include but are not limited to marriage, career status, and independence (121). Additionally, these women are usually faced with dietary and weight problems, matter that forces them to watch their eating habits more closely. It would seem unusual to see a woman in this age group celebrating some good moments without the company of men. This leads to majority of them being insecure, unhappy, and less confident. Conversely, the ad gives another scenario of the situation that is sure of attracting emotions. The women in the ad are all happy, as e videnced from the facial expressions and the celebration. Interestingly, they seem independent and able to treat themselves without help from any male presence. Pickton Masterson postulate, Coca cola products give a clear impression that it is the ideal drink for the occasion (15). The advertisers make of use hype to illustrate a certain impressions. Hype refers to vague and meaningless statements as such as Coca Cola Making It Real and no one is counting. This makes the whole scenario to sound good. Another attention-seeking hook towards the target market in the advertisement is the use of femininity and culture. The Coca cola ad is all-feminine with complete presence of females. Additionally, the setting of the advertisement is the kitchen, a place commonly associated with the female species. Robinson Warwick argue that gender stereotype is sure to capture the attention of the African American woman who loves to share issues affecting them during social settings such as in friends parties and social settings (50). The Coca cola can fit in properly to such a scenario given that they are all females celebrating a birthday party of one of their own. Culture is applicable in this situation given that the advertisement specifically targets females of African American origin. The feminine scenes of African American women depict the culture being targeted in the ad (niche marketing). Beauty is among the outstanding features of this Coca Cola ad in that images of average African American women are used to glamorize the whole scenario. Robinson Warwick goes further to claim that, Even if their ages can easily be categorized into a particular group, they still manage to give an impression of beautiful and happy African American women having fun (55). Additionally, the impression of beautiful and happy African American women does not necessarily tell anything regarding the Coca Cola product but all the same, the impression is capable of relaying emotional transfers about the product and making someone to feel good through influence and manipulation. According to Pickton Masterson, the technical effects in the advertisement that are key to adding the intended effects to the commercial (20). For instance, the camera angles made sure that all the necessary details in the advertisement had been given the desired perspective. Emphasis was provided by ensuring that the images were taken from a close-up angle. The set and setting was preferably the kitchen to give a feminine impression to the targeted audience. This in turn serves to generate an emotional impression to the audience that the product being advertised is ideal for their normal environment whereby independence can also be exercised. Accessories are featured mainly in the advert to promote an element of beauty to the Coca Cola product being advertised. The African American women featured in this advert are nice dressed as evidenced from their hairstyle, to stylish and elegant clothes, and jewelry (necklace and earrings). These accessories truly give images of beautiful women, an element that the target audience can easily associate. In the ad, the poses and clothes by the second and fourth persons are similar. Their necks of their clothes are both v-shaped, the color being the only differentiating thing. Moreover, they both wear accessories (earrings and necklace) to complement their beautiful appearance. The first and the last women seem to share some similarity as evidenced from their poses. Finally, the third (middle) woman seems to share the same amusement with the other women thereby completing a happy moments that they seem to be sharing. The Coca Cola product completes the celebrating mood by relaying the intended message of happiness and beauty. The whole advert is sure to persuade the target audience that they can be happy, attractive, and beautiful. The use of color in the advertisement helps in giving life to the situation. The golden color that seems to be illuminated by the lighting of the room completes the delightful moment typical of celebrations such as birthday parties. The candles, the cake, the table, and most of the elements in the background are matched to draw emotional attention. Additionally, the color matches with the golden and/or chocolate complexion of the African American characters in the advert. The scenario looks beautiful to the eyes and is likely to be associated by the targeted audience. The contents of the product are sure to fit in to the situation for it matches with the hair of the characters giving a matching effect to the elements in the advert. Again, beauty and happiness is a sure thing to be associated by the targeted audience. The message promoted in the commercial is simple, beautiful women are always happy. The slogan-Coca Cola make it real gives the message that if happens to the characters in the audience, it can also happen to them. Age is a major factor in the advert given that the target audiences are African American women in their mid twenties to mid thirties. Usually, such women are coupled with identity issues to do with their ages, social status, and independence. They are often mirrored by the society and are expected to have achieved something under their name. Leading on the list is marriage or family responsibilities. Additionally, they can never do anything without their motive being questioned. This includes but not limited to having fun and enjoying themselves. This advert promises to give them reassurance through the do not care attitude that nobody is counting and therefore they should have uncontrolled fun. Instead, they should have it real as it is just as portrayed by those consuming the advertised product. Conversely, advertising has a lot to do with conveying the intended message. This is attained by use of words that are capable of generating straightforward meaning without having to struggle much. Tomlinson emphasizes, Coca cola advert uses a mixture of signs, texts, and gestures to drive the desired meaning to the audience (65). Images of those featured in the Coca cola commercial contains some iconic qualities that the audience can easily associate. Those images belong to normal, average African American women enjoying themselves in a normal setting and it provides resemblance effects to the audience. Symbolic gestures and facial expressions give illusions of some people who are happy and it is clear that they are consuming the advertised product and happy altogether. Finally, the presentation of the Coca Cola advert can be categorized as being simple and compound. It is simple in the sense that most of the intended information is relayed on a neutral background (Tomlinson 71). The target audience is not only easily identified but also the product being advertised. Alternatively, it is characterized as being compound in the sense that it employs realistic pictures of African American women in straightforward situations. For instance, drinking is common during birthday celebrations and therefore Coca cola comes in handy. Additionally, it unusual of people in a celebration party to be sad and thusly, the women in this advert are portrayed as being happy. Strategy is also evident in the Coca cola avert. Firstly, the brand image takes the lead in the advert for the only evident brand in the picture is that of coca cola. The brand is fore grounded so that everyone can see. Goddard asserts, Generic and pre-emptive messages are included to persuade provide the audience with the necessary personalities (122). For instance, the messages whos counting and make it real are included in the advert add meaning to the brand image. The Coca cola commercial is sure to provide the targeted audience with the promise of improving their personalities by connecting concrete features of the product and the driving force.